Common Health Concerns for Maltese

Maltese dogs may be small, but their lively personalities and gentle nature make them beloved companions for many families. Our team enjoys caring for these affectionate little dogs and knows how deeply their owners value their health and well-being. Like all breeds, Maltese have some breed-specific health concerns that are important to be aware of. Here are the top five issues we commonly see in our practice and how we can help detect and manage them early: 

1. Dental Disease 

Maltese are especially prone to dental disease because of their small jaws and crowded, often misaligned teeth. Their compact mouths easily trap food and bacteria, which can quickly lead to plaque buildup, gum inflammation, and early tooth loss. Regular dental care, both at home through brushing and professionally at the vet, is essential to keep your Maltese’s mouth healthy and comfortable. 

The earliest warning sign is often bad breath, but more advanced disease can cause pain, difficulty eating, or even infections that affect the heart and kidneys. Preventive care is essential to keeping your Maltese’s mouth, and overall health, in great shape. 

How we can help: 

• Oral exam – We check for plaque buildup, alignment issues, and signs of gum infection. We also evaluate for loose, broken, or crowded teeth 
• Dental X-rays – These allow us to see below the gumline where serious issues can hide. X-rays help identify pockets of infection under the teeth, bone loss from the jaw, and damaged roots, which can all cause unrealized pain. This helps the veterinarian determine if any teeth need to be pulled or if infections need additional treatment 
• Professional cleaning – Just like people, Maltese need regular dental cleanings to remove plaque and tartar. Dental cleanings under anesthesia performed by a veterinarian are the safest and most effective way to thoroughly clean your Maltese’s teeth. This can help prevent the spread of bacteria, protect their airway, and allow the vet to remove any teeth that may be causing problems. This also lets the vet identify issues that aren’t visible during a regular exam 
• Home care guidance – We can recommend brushing routines, dental diets, or safe chews to help maintain your dog’s oral health between visits. 

2. Collapsed Trachea (Windpipe Weakness) 

Maltese dogs are especially prone to tracheal collapse, a condition where the windpipe becomes weakened and starts to flatten, making it harder for air to pass through. This can lead

to a distinctive “honking” cough, especially when your dog is excited, pulling on the leash, or after activity. 

While it can be managed in many cases, untreated tracheal collapse can worsen over time and lead to breathing distress. Early diagnosis helps us reduce symptoms and keep your Maltese more comfortable. 

How we can help: 

• Physical exam – We listen to your dog’s breathing and gently check for signs of coughing or throat sensitivity. 
• X-rays – These can help us identify signs of tracheal narrowing or collapse. ● Fluoroscopy – This real-time moving X-ray shows us how the trachea behaves during breathing, helping confirm the diagnosis. 
• Ongoing care – Depending on severity, we may recommend medications, weight management, cough suppressants, or lifestyle changes to reduce airway irritation. 

3. Heart Disease 

As Maltese age, they can be prone to heart problems, particularly chronic valve disease where the heart valves weaken and leak, making it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently. Over time, this can cause fluid buildup in the lungs, fatigue, and more serious complications if not treated. Early signs can be subtle like a mild cough, slowing down during walks, or heavier breathing after play. Spotting these changes early allows for better management to keep your Maltese happy and healthy for longer. 

How we can help: 

• Physical exam – We listen closely for heart murmurs, abnormal rhythms, or breathing changes during your Maltese’s check-up to determine if additional testing should be done. 
• Diagnostic Imaging – Chest X-rays and ultrasound (echocardiogram) allow us to visualize the heart and lungs in detail. These tools are essential for diagnosing heart disease and determining whether long-term medication or ongoing monitoring is needed. 
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) – We use this test to detect irregular heart rhythms and monitor electrical activity, which can guide treatment and prevent potentially fatal events. ● Ongoing management – If heart disease is diagnosed, we’ll create a tailored care plan with medication, diet changes, and regular monitoring to keep your Maltese as healthy and active as possible. 

4. Luxating Patella (Kneecap Dislocation)

Maltese are prone to a condition called a medial patellar luxation, where the kneecap slips in and out of place. This can cause your dog to suddenly hop, skip a step, or hold one leg up while walking. Some dogs may not show discomfort, but others may limp or seem reluctant to run or jump. 

In mild cases, this condition may be managed with monitoring and lifestyle adjustments. More severe or painful cases can lead to long-term joint problems and may require surgery to correct. 

How we can help: 

• Physical exam – We carefully assess your dog’s knees, feeling for looseness or abnormal movement of the kneecap. 
• X-rays – Imaging helps us evaluate the severity of the condition and check for signs of arthritis or bone changes. 
• Treatment planning – Depending on the grade of the luxation, we may recommend joint supplements, weight management, or surgical correction for long-term relief and mobility. 

5. Skin Allergies and Ear Infections 

Maltese dogs are known for their beautiful, silky white coats. While their elegant appearance makes them stand out, they can be a bit more sensitive to skin and ear conditions. Maltese are prone to skin irritation, tear staining, and allergies that can affect their face, paws, skin, and ears. Common triggers include certain foods, environmental allergens like pollen or dust, and grooming products that may be too harsh for their delicate skin. Their long hair can trap dirt and moisture, leading to matting or skin infections if not cared for properly. If you notice your Maltese licking, scratching, rubbing their face, or developing red, irritated skin, it’s a good idea to schedule a check-up to identify the cause and keep their coat and skin healthy. 

How we can help: 

• Skin / Ear Cytology – We examine samples under a microscope to check for infections like bacteria, yeast, or mites. This helps us choose the most effective medication based on what’s actually causing the problem. 
• Culture Testing – This goes a step further than cytology. It helps us identify the exact type of bacterial or fungal infection that’s making your Maltese uncomfortable and determines which medications will work best to treat it. 
• Allergy Tests – Blood or skin testing can reveal environmental allergy triggers. This helps us develop a personalized allergy treatment plan that may include immunotherapy. 
• Food Trials – If we suspect a food allergy, we may try different diets to determine if food is the underlying issue. 
• Medications – We provide options for both immediate relief and long-term management of skin and ear issues related to allergies or infections.

We’re dedicated to treating your Maltese or Maltese Mix like family. Book a visit with us today so we can partner with you to keep your pup healthy, happy, and living their best life. Give us a call at (954) 748-2002 or book online here.